The meaning of Einstein’s gravitational equations is simple: mass warps space-time and curved space-time moves mass around. These equations specify how mass curves space and warps time. A main consequence of the equivalence principle are Einstein’s gravitational equations. This simple statement, however, coupled with the mathematical idea that the equations of physics should not depend on the reference frame, leads very far. The equivalence principle simply says that gravitational and inertial mass are one and the same thing. Mass unifiedĮinstein connected gravitational and inertial mass via his gravitational equivalence principle. It’s easier to push a light door than a heavy one with the same acceleration. Newton’s second law says that the force you need to change the state of motion of an object is proportional to its inertial mass ( F = ma). This is because the door has mass manifested as inertia, that is, it counteracts you to change the state of its motion.
When you open a door, you have to push it with a force, otherwise the door won’t move.
Physicists refer to this manifestation of mass as gravitational mass. Mass is the charge of the gravitational interaction and without it no gravitational force exists.
This is given by the formula F = GMm/(R 2) where R is the radius of the moon and G is called Newton’s gravitational constant. Your moon weight is less because the mass of the moon is less than Earth’s mass, and the gravitational force between the moon and you is proportional to the mass of the moon ( M) and your mass ( m). (There has never been a more effective diet plan: lose 83% of your body weight just by flying to the moon.) If you stepped on the same scale on the moon it would register a fraction of your weight on Earth. In the next section we'll look at the properties of light.Your weight is a based on your mass on Earth. If you go through each phase of this scenario and totaled up the energy for the system, you will find that the amount of energy for the system is the same at all times. Likewise, when the ball hits the ground, some of its energy is converted to heat (sometimes called heat energy or heat kinetic energy). As the ball moves, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Just before you dropped the ball, it had only potential energy. If you drop a baseball from your roof, the ball has kinetic energy the moment it starts to move. These separate forms of energy are not conserved, but the total amount of energy is conserved. The law of conservation of energy tells us that energy can neither be created nor destroyed it can only be converted from one form to another. It exists in many forms…potential, kinetic, etc. EnergyĮnergy is the measure of a system's ability to perform "work". The important thing to understand here is that there is a relationship between mass and energy. It should become clearer in the special relativity discussion. At this stage, this definition of mass may be a little cloudy, but it is important to know the concept. It should be noted that physics has actually stopped using this concept of mass and now deals mostly in terms of energy (see the section on the unification of mass and energy). However, if an observer that is not in motion with the body measures the body's mass, the observer would see an increase in mass when the object speeds up. If the body in motion measured its mass, it is always the same. Mass is dependent on the body's motion relative to the motion of an observer. Mass is very closely related to energy in physics. In physics, mass is defined as the amount of force required to cause a body to accelerate.
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